Неймар – 222 милиона евро. А сега почти сигурно и Килиан Мбапе за 180 милиона евро. Пари Сен Жермен прекрачва всички граници на разумното с двете покупки за общо над 400 милиона евро. За нормалния фен всичко това е прекалено. Мнозина се запитаха могат ли шейховете начело на парижкия клуб да правят подобни неща, нали беше въведен някакъв Финансов феърплей? Шефовете на Барселона дори смело обявиха, че ПСЖ ги чакат поне 30-40 милиона евро за нарушаване на Финансовия феърплей. Това обаче не е съвсем така.
Финансовият феърплей е мярка, която има за цел по-скоро да изчисти балансите на клубовете. Това не е мярка срещу злоупотреби във футбола, а механизъм за слагане на край на безкрайната задлъжнялост – порок добре познат за някои клубове.
Ето как работи:
- Без дългове – нито към други клубове, нито към футболисти, нито към държавата
УЕФА въведе правилото за Финансовия феърплей през 2011 г. Той се отнася за клубовете, които участват в европейските турнири. За да получат лиценз за участие в Шампионската лига или Лига Европа, клубовете трябва да докажат, че нямат задължения към други клубове или пък футболисти и трябва да са на чисто с данъчните агенции в съответните държави. Освен това финансовият разчет, който представят не трябва да е на минус – харчовете не бива да бъдат повече от доходите. Това е първоначалната идея за въвеждането на правилото, но… с някои допустими отклонения.
- Последните 3 години
Комитетът по финансов контрол към УЕФА анализира финансите на клубовете за последните 3 сезона. Последната ревизия беше за периода от 2014-а до лятото на 2017-а. Т.е. следващият финансов период започва именно от това лято и сегашните трансфери на Пари Сен Жермен ще бъдат разглеждани чак през 2020-а. И ако тогава балансът на клуба не излезе, може да се мисли за наказание. Трудно е обаче да се повярва, че ПСЖ няма да компенсира 400-те милиона евро за Неймар и Мбапе за 3 години. Още повече, че допреди този сезон, клубът генерира по 400 милиона евро постъпления на година. Можем само да си представим колко ще се вдигнат с Неймар в състава.
- 30 милиона евро аванта
УЕФА твърди, че може разходите да са малко повече от приходитие, но в „разумни“ граници и то при условие, че все пак има гарантирана обезпеченост на парите, които са на минус, от собственика на клуба и спонсорите. За последния сезон тази „разумна“ граница, която се позволяваше беше минус от 30 милиона евро. За идните години се очаква тя да бъде намалена, но още не е решено с колко.
- Инфраструктура, школа и женски отбори не се включват
За да се даде възможност клубовете да се развиват и да увеличават доходите си в бъдеще от сметката, която УЕФА разглежда, се изключват разходите, инвестирани в строеж на нов стадион или пък тези за младежките и женските им отбори. Друг е въпросът кой клуб със задължения би могъл да си построи нов стадион, но пък примери можем да намерим.
- Много стъпки преди изваждането от Европа
Тези, които си мислят, че ПСЖ ще бъдат извадени от евротурнирите заради подобни трансфери са в голяма грешка. Изваждането от евротурнирите не е автоматично, не е достатъчно и просто даден клуб да не отговаря на зададените критерии финансовата комисия. Докато се стигне до изключване от Европа се преминават множество стъпки преди това.
А те са както следва:
1)Предупреждение
2) Второ по-строго предупреждение – „жълт картон“
3) Глоба
4) Отнемане на точки за националните шампионати
5) Удържане на приходи, спечелени в евротурнирите
6) Ограничиване на играчите, които могат да бъдат картотекирани за евротурнирите от дадения клуб, включително и въвеждане на ограничение за общия разход за заплати на същите тези картотекирани играчи
7) Изваждане от евротурнирите за предстоящия или предстоящи сезони
8) И последното и най-строго наказание е отнемана на титла и на финансовата „награда“
- Преговори
По презумпция от УЕФА не искат да се гледа на Финансовия феърплей като на наказание затова дори оказват помощ във възстановяването на икономическата стабилност на клубовете. Аналогично е на споразуменията с данъчните агенции в държавите, при които дълговете се разсрочват. От УЕФА го наричат „споразумение за стабилизация“ и може да включва договорка за изравняване на балансите за определен период от време или пък до постигане на определени финансови резултати. От УЕФА винаги предпочитат възстановяването да става във възможно най-кратки срокове, заради което първият вариант с протакането не е любим в централата.
- Мерки срещу клубове тип ПСЖ-Катар
Не е тайна, че Пари Сен Жермен на практика е собственост на държавата Катар, откъдето очевидно при нужда биха могли да се изливат колкото си искат петролни долари и евро. УЕФА обаче изисква информация за приходите на клубовете. Финансовият феърплей не позволява в клуба да се наливат пари директно от собственика или пък посредством мними спонсорски договори с фирми, свързани със собственика. При съмнение за подобно нещо УЕФА започва разследване.Съгласно настоящите правила е недопустимо повече от 30 процента от приходите на даден клуб да се дължат на само една компания, фирма, спонсор или иначе казано да идват от едно и също място. Така се избягва възможността за държавен или фирмен отбор.
- Помилване за отличниците
Както вече стана въпрос УЕФА не иска Финансовият феърплей да бива разглеждан само като рестрикция. Ако клубове, към които вече са отправени предупреждения, изпълняват плана си за оздравяване, то бъдещите санкции отпадат. Ако един клуб вече има наложено наказание, но докато то още тече, той покрие нормите на Финансовия феърплей и излезе на чисто, то санкцията за следващия сезон (ако има такава), може да бъде отменена. Така се избягва и нов финансов колапс, защото от УЕФА са наясно, че евротурнирите могат да бъдат важна част от доходите на клубовете и не иска да ги ограничава по пътя към оздравяването.
- Ограничаване на картотеките – реална заплаха
Това е точка 6 от изброените стъпки, които се предприемат като наказания. Тъй като често финансовите санкции биват обжалвани и това се проточва във времето, а и всъщност на големите клубове не им пука за глобите, то УЕФА си има запазено оръжие срещу тях, а именно да им ограничи играчите, които могат да картотекират за дадения евротурнир. Освен това евроцентралата приема само първия списък, заявен от клубовете. Т.е., ако има нови попълнения, които клубовете искат да включат или просто желание за промени заради контузии, то те са невъзможни. Така грешниците се сблъскват, както с финансови ограничения, така и с чисто спортни. Всъщност Манчестър Сити и Пари Сен Жермен вече отнесоха подобни наказания.
- Помощ от Европейската комисия
УЕФА често действа като абсолютно независима институция и се е като своеобразна държава със свои закони и правила. По отношение на Финансовия феърплей обаче централата гледа да не излиза от правната рамка на Европейския съюз, за да се избегнат проблеми, свързани със законодателството. Преди време УЕФА дори излезе със съвместно изявление с еврокомисаря по конкуренцията и той обяви, че Еврокомисията подкрепя инициативата за Финансов феърплей. По същия начин от УЕФА се опитват да работят и с местните федерации по държави, за да уеднаквят механизмите за контрол.
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